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Broken rice
Broken rice is a grade of rice consisting of grains broken in the milling process. On milling Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice or paddy rice, produces around 50% whole rice then approximately 16% broken rice, 20% husk, 14% bran and meal.〔G. J. H. Grubben, Sutjipto Partohardjono, Cereals Prosea Project - 1996 - Page 114 "On milling, paddy gives approximately: husk 20%, whole rice 50%, broken rice 16%, bran and meal 14%. The husked or hulled rice is usually called brown rice, and this is then milled to remove the outer layers, including the aleurone layer "〕〔A. Th. G. Elzebroek, Koop Wind ''Guide to Cultivated Plants'' 2008 - Page 346 "In West Africa, a hybrid between O. sativa and O. glabberima has been developed. This new hybrid, labelled 'Nerica' ... grains are sold as 'broken rice'. Very small broken rice is called 'brewers' rice', generally used for industrial purposes. On milling paddy gives approximately 20% husk, 50% brown rice, 16% broken rice, 14% bran and meal.〕 Further grains break before and after milling in transport.〔(SAGE V FOODS, LLC. Types of rice )〕 Mechanical separators are used to separate the broken grains from the whole grains.〔(www.alibaba.com merchant database ) retrieved 2009-09-26〕 Broken rice may or may not〔(ars.usda.gov Agriculture Research, May 2002 )〕 have lower fiber and nutrient content, but generally has a similar energy content to intact rice.
==Industrial uses==
Very small broken rice is called 'brewers' rice', as use by brewers is the traditional industrial use.〔〔〔Texas Monthly April 1975 - Page 110 Uncle Ben "Of the 70 pounds of milled white rice, only about 55 pounds can be counted upon to ...... The other fifteen pounds of broken rice are shunted aside by a "sifting" machine and sold to the export market or to brewers. In the final step before packaging, Uncle ..."〕〔("Life as a Grain of Rice", USDA Ag. Research Service )〕 Due to the different size and shape of the grains, broken rice has a different, softer texture from "unbroken" rice.〔http://www.eatingintranslation.com/2012/01/broken-rice.html Eating in Translation〕 Broken rice is also used to make starch which is used as laundry starch and in foods, cosmetics and textile manufacture.〔Martin Brink, G. Belay ''Cereals and Pulses'' 2006 - Page 113 "Oryza sativa – planted about 800–900 AD, to West Africa. The final penetration of Oryza sativa into ... Starch made from broken rice is used as laundry starch and in foods, cosmetics and textile manufacture. Beers, wines and spirits are made ..."〕
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